ISSN 1301-109X | e-ISSN 2147-8325
TURKISH JOURNAL of IMMUNOLOGY - Turk J Immunol: 2 (3)
Volume: 2  Issue: 3 - 2014
1. 
Türk İmmünoloji Dergisi

Pages 1 - 11
Abstract |Full Text PDF

DERLEME
2. Microbes, Mutualistic Partnerships, Symbiosis, Dysbiosis
Şefik Ş. Alkan
doi: 10.5606/tji.2014.352  Pages 41 - 51
Microbes dominate as the most abundant life form on our planet, occupying almost every terrestrial, aquatic and biological ecosystem. We are used to consider the immune system as a defense system developed to fight microorganisms only. However, thanks to the recent developments in the field of metagenomics, our understanding of entire living world has changed. Currently, we believe that entire life on earth depends on mutualistic partnerships (symbiosis) which improve their respective evolutionary fitness. This kind of relationships increases evolutionary fitness of all living beings to the environment. The microbial communities which colonize living organisms in the body or nature are collectively called as the ‘microbiota’. Based on this perspective, a human body can be regarded as a superorganism, as it contains 10-fold higher cells and 100 times more microbe DNA. Any host learns to recognize, restrain and tolerate its commensals, which encounters at birth from the mother and environment. Both the microbiota and the host use tools shaped by millions of years of coevolution to maintain a constant dialogue and a mutualistic conflict relationship. Under normal conditions, the commensal microbiota protects against colonization by pathogens. However, as seen in any relationship, things may go wrong. For instance, small imbalances introduced by the host, particularly in the immune system, or microbes can disturb the dynamic equilibrium between the host and commensals. In such circumstances (dysbiosis), several diseases such inflammatory diseases, obesity, diabetes may develop. Anatomical sites of a host other than the gut are also colonized by unique microbiota. The oral, vaginal, and airway mucosa microbiota play more local roles, such as tissue homeostasis. In this review, after summarizing novel information about the host-microbiota interactions brought by ”-omics”, and I will try to point how to translate these information to treat autoimmune diseases, obesity, diabetes, and perhaps cancer.

3. The Key Cell of the Mucosal Immunity: M Cell
Yurda Şimşek, Özge Yılmaz, Hasan Yüksel
doi: 10.5606/tji.2014.338  Pages 52 - 56
M cells are immune cells located in the mucosal epithelium. They constitute the initial step of mucosal as well as systemic immune response by presenting antigens to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue located under the mucosa. Structural and functional characteristics of M cells which are different from their neighboring epithelial cells show that their primary function is antigen presentation. Furthermore, they are used as an entrance gate to the host tissue by many pathogens. These characteristics make M cells the target for oral, nasal vaccine and intestinal drug applications. The role of M cells in the antigen sampling makes these cells important for oral immunotherapy applications, too. With the advancement in M cell cultures and increasing understanding of M cells would make M cell-mediated differences in the treatment and applications.

4. Kromozom 22q11.2 Delesyon Sendromu (Digeorge Sendromu/Velokardiyofasiyal Sendrom)
Zehra Şule Haskoloğlu, Aydan İkincioğulları
doi: 10.5606/tji.2014.320  Pages 57 - 66
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a microdeletion syndrome which occurs during embryogenesis in 22q11.2 due to the loss of an area about 3 megabyte (Mb). Its incidence is around 1/4000. The majority of the patients with various clinical presentations can show mild to moderate immune deficiency, while most of them have cardiac anomalies. The most common manifestations are hypoparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, palate anomaly, dysmorphic facial appearance and learning disability, whereas kidney, eye, and skeleton defects are less frequently encountered. In this review, we aimed to discuss the wide clinical spectrum of the disease, early and definitive diagnostic criteria, and multidisciplinary approach to its long term follow-up and treatment. Our primary goal is to enhance the knowledge of pediatricians as well as immunology-allergy specialists about the disease.

5. DERGİMİZDE 2014 YILINDA YAYINLANAN YAZILARIN LİSTESİ

Pages 67 - 69
Abstract |Full Text PDF

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