Turk J Immunol. 2020; 8(3): 129-134 | DOI: 10.25002/tji.2020.1347

Evaluation of Immunoglobulins, CD4/CD8 T Lymphocyte Ratio and Interleukin-6 in COVID-19 Patients

Marwan Mahmood Saleh¹, Abduladheem Turki Jalil², Rafid A. Abdulkereem³, Ahmed Aduljabbar Suleiman^4
1College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
²Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno Faculty of Biology and Ecology
³Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post Graduate Studies- University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
⁴College of Science-Biotechnology Department, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq

Introduction: The outbreak of novel coronavirus COVID-19 infections that started in China late 2019 has spread
rapidly and cases have been recorded worldwide. So, in this study, we sought clarification of the clinical characteristics
and importance of changing the lymphocyte group, antibodies, CD markers, and interleukin-6 in the serum of
COVID-19 patients, which may help to clarify the pathogen and develop new biomarkers.
Material and Methods: Venous blood samples had been accumulated from patients before taking any medications.
Sera had been separated and saved at (-20°C) until analysis. Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA,
and IgM) were determined in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and Serum IL-6
was assessed.
Results: Median IgM (p=0.001), IgG (p<0.0001), and IgA (p<0.001), were decreased in patients comparing with
control the control group. There is a significant decrease in CD3+ and CD4+ cells compared to healthy individuals in
patients infected with COVID-19 (p<0.0001). CD19+ cell count decreased in COVID-19 patients compared to that
of the control group (p<0.0001). After calculating CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio decreased in COVID-19 patients (p<0.0001).
However, CD56+ cells were found to be increased (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: IgM, IgG, IgA levels and CD19+, CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio were found to be decreased whereas
CD8+, CD3+, CD4+ cells were detected to be increased in COVID-19 patients compared to those of healthy controls.

Keywords: IL-6, COVID-19, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD markers

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COVID-19 Hastalarýnda Ýmmünoglobülinler, CD4+/CD8+ T Lenfosit Oranlarý ve Interlökin-6 Düzeyinin Deðerlendirilmesi

Marwan Mahmood Saleh¹, Abduladheem Turki Jalil², Rafid A. Abdulkereem³, Ahmed Aduljabbar Suleiman^4
1
2
3
4

Giriþ: Çin’de 2019 yýlý sonlarýna doðru baþlayan Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalýðý (COVID-19) hýzla tüm dünyaya yayýldý.
Bu çalýþmada, COVID-19 olan hastalarýn serumlarýndaki interlökin-6 (IL-6) düzeyleri, deðiþen lenfosit alt-gruplarý ve
antikorlar araþtýrýlarak bu patojenin daha net anlaþýlmasý ve yeni biyobelirteçlerin geliþtirilþmesi amaçlandý.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastalardan herhangi bir ilaç kullanmadan önce venöz kan örnekleri toplandý. Bu kanlardan
serumlar elde edildi ve bu serumlarýn irdelenmesine kadar (-20°C’de) saklandý. Serumdaki SARS-Cov-2’ye karþý
geliþmiþ immünoglobulinler (IgG, IgA ve IgM) ve IL-6 düzeyi ELISA testi ile ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Kontrol grubu ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda, COVID-19 hastalarýnda IgM (p=0.001), IgG (p<0.0001) ve IgA
(p<0.001) seviyeleri anlamlý derecede azaldý. Benzer þekilde CD3+ ve CD4+ T hücreleri kontrollere göre anlamlý dercede
düþük saptandý (p<0.0001). CD19+ B hücreleri ve CD4+/CD8+ hücre oaranlarý kontrol grubuna göre daha düþük
(p<0.0001), buna karþýlýk CD56+ hücrelerde artýþ saptandý.
Sonuçlar: COVID-19 hastalarýnda IgM, IgG ve IgA düzeyleri ile CD19+ ve CD4+/CD8+ hücrelerin oraný saðlýklý
kontrollere göre daha düþük, CD8+, CD3+, CD4+ ve IL-6 düzeyleri daha yüksek olarak saptanmýþtýr.

Anahtar Kelimeler: IL-6, COVID-19, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD belirteçleri

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